PRECEDENT STUDY

BATHS OF CARACALLA

The integration of a thermodynamic body into architectural design is not novel. Prior to the advent of HVAC systems, buildings relied on passive means to provide comfortable interiors. however the approach to the thermal tolerance of variation in these spaces was much more flexible than contemporary demands for highly climatized rooms. The architectural body pre-heating and cooling systems was integrated into the

phenomenological performance of the building, and the relationship between the energy flows of the spaces and the user were more dynamic and enabled the body to function as a thermal machine.

One of the clearest precedents for the design of thermodynamic spaces is the Roman bath house, or Thermae. These facilities provided many key functions for the hygienic and civic needs of the city. They housed not only pools and bathing rooms, but also areas for exercise, libraries, as well as common spaces. One of most famous of the bath houses and second largest constructed in Rome is the Bath of Caracalla, built between 212AD and 216AD during the reign of Emperor Caracalla.

This facility, like all bath houses, distributes room types according to their proximity to a heat source. Under the caldarium (hot room) is a fire furnace that creates hot air to be circulated under floors and through wall cavities. Additionally steam would be provided in several rooms by placing water near hot surfaces. The result is a building defined by the thermodynamics of the spaces. The migration from one room to the next creates a sequence of varied thermal experiences to activate and engage the thermal body.

Bath of Caracalla

Bath of Caracalla, built between 212 A.D. and 216 A.D. in Rome, Italy.

Roman Bath House Heating System

A wood burning furnace would supply hot air to be distributed through the floors and walls of the house, directed by convection currents between the fire and exhaust vents located in the envelope of the building.